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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(6): e202310035, dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1517944

ABSTRACT

Los niños con lesiones selares y/o supraselares pueden presentar diabetes insípida central con posterior secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética. Nosotros observamos, en algunos casos, aumento de la incidencia de poliuria, natriuresis e hiponatremia, tríada diagnóstica del síndrome cerebral perdedor de sal. Aquí comunicamos la evolución de 7 pacientes con antecedentes de daño agudo del sistema nervioso central y diabetes insípida central seguida por síndrome cerebral perdedor de sal. Como tratamiento aportamos secuencialmente fluidos salinos parenterales, cloruro de sodio oral, desmopresina, mineralocorticoides e incluso tiazidas. Ante la persistencia de poliuria con hiponatremia, agregamos ibuprofeno. Como resultado de este esquema terapéutico secuencial, este grupo redujo significativamente los valores de diuresis diaria de 10 ml/kg/h a 2 ml/kg/h en un tiempo promedio de 5 días, normalizando también las natremias (de 161 mEq/L a 143 mEq/L) en un tiempo promedio de 9 días. En ningún caso observamos efectos adversos asociados al tratamiento.


Children with sellar and/or suprasellar lesions may develop central diabetes insipidus with subsequent inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. An increased incidence of polyuria, natriuresis, and hyponatremia has been reported in some cases, which make up the diagnostic triad of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Here we report the clinical course of 7 patients with a history of acute central nervous system injury and central diabetes insipidus followed by cerebral salt wasting syndrome. Treatment included the sequential use of parenteral saline solution, oral sodium chloride, desmopressin, mineralocorticoids, and even thiazides. Due to persistent polyuria and hyponatremia, ibuprofen was added. As a result of this sequential therapeutic regimen, daily urine output reduced significantly from 10 mL/ kg/h to 2 mL/kg/h over an average period of 5 days, together with a normalization of natremia (from 161 mEq/L to 143 mEq/L) over an average period of 9 days. No treatment-related adverse effects were observed in any case.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic , Hyponatremia/etiology , Hyponatremia/drug therapy , Polyuria/complications , Polyuria/etiology , Research , Ibuprofen/therapeutic use
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(1): e49-e53, feb. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1147262

ABSTRACT

El raquitismo afecta la diferenciación y mineralización del cartílago de crecimiento como consecuencia, en última instancia, de una alteración en los niveles de fósforo y/o calcio. El secundario a la deficiencia de vitamina D es la forma más frecuente (raquitismo carencial). Las manifestaciones clínicas durante los primeros años de vida suelen comprometer en forma más marcada las epífisis de los huesos.Se describe el caso de un lactante de 8 meses con diagnóstico de alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca que presentó múltiples fracturas patológicas mientras se encontraba bajo tratamiento con fórmulas lácteas a base de aminoácidos. Se efectuó el diagnóstico de raquitismo hipofosfatémico por deficiencia de fósforo y, tras 3 meses de tratamiento con sales de fosfato, calcio, calcitriol, el abandono paulatino de la leche elemental y el descenso gradual de la medicación antiácida, el paciente evolucionó con curación clínico-radiológica del cuadro


The rickets is a disease that affects the differentiation and mineralization of the growth cartilage, as an ultimate consequence of a balance loss in calcium and phosphate levels. Vitamin D deficiency is the most common cause of the rickets (nutritional rickets). Its clinical manifestation during the first years of life involves long bones epiphysis in a more severe way.We report an 8-month-old infant who was diagnosed with cow ́s milk protein allergy and suffered from multiple fractures while receiving elemental formula as part of his treatment. The final etiology was hypophosphatemic rickets secondary to phosphate deficiency, and after 3 months of phosphate, calcium and calcitriol supplementation, in addition to the gradually reduction of the proportion of elemental formula intake and the decline of the antacid doses, clinical and radiological heal was achieved.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Rickets, Hypophosphatemic/diagnostic imaging , Vitamin D Deficiency , Milk Hypersensitivity , Infant Formula , Rickets, Hypophosphatemic/therapy , Amino Acids
3.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e278-e283, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1116944

ABSTRACT

El incremento de la expectativa de vida con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia plantea desafíos en cuanto a la toxicidad e interacciones medicamentosas. El síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción entre ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada en niños con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica es infrecuente. Hasta el momento, hay 20 casos reportados. Se describen 3 casos pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica que presentaron síndrome de Cushing exógeno con fluticasona inhalada en dosis habituales por la interacción medicamentosa entre esta y ritonavir. Los pacientes resolvieron el cuadro clínico luego de 2-4 meses de suspensión de la fluticasona y permanecieron asintomáticos en el seguimiento


The increase in life expectancy with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy poses challenges in terms of toxicity and drug interactions. Exogenous Cushing syndrome by interaction between ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in children diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology is rare. So far, there are 20 cases reported. Three pediatric cases are reported, with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome with inhaled fluticasone at usual doses due to drug interaction between it and ritonavir. The patients resolved the clinical Síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción medicamentosa de ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada. Reporte de tres casos pediátricos Exogenous Cushing syndrome due to drug interaction of ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone. Report of three pediatric cases picture after 2-4 months of fluticasone suspension and remain asymptomatic in the follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Cushing Syndrome/therapy , Fluticasone/adverse effects , Fluticasone/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e300-e304, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1116991

ABSTRACT

La osteoporosis es un trastorno para tener en cuenta en niños con patologías crónicas graves o con algunas enfermedades genéticas que predisponen al incremento de la fragilidad ósea. La osteoporosis primaria es una entidad con etiologías emergentes y puede ocurrir en forma sindrómica. La asociación con pliegues retinianos congénitos debe orientar al diagnóstico de osteoporosis-pseudoglioma (OMIM 259770), síndrome poco frecuente (prevalencia de 1/2000000), que se origina por la pérdida de función de la proteína LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) y compromete la vía de señalización de Wnt/ß-catenina. Se presenta el caso de un niño con pliegues retinianos congénitos, ceguera progresiva y múltiples fracturas cuyo estudio clínico, bioquímico y genético confirmó el diagnóstico de osteoporosis primaria debido a una nueva variante inactivante en el gen LRP5 en homocigosis


Osteoporosis should be considered in children with severe chronic diseases or in association with some genetic diseases that bear an increased risk of bone fragility. Primary osteoporosis is an entity in which emerging aetiologies are being recognized. Its association with congenital retinal folds should guide the diagnosis to the Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma syndrome (OMIM 259770), a rare disease (prevalence of 1/2000000), caused by the loss of function of the protein LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) resulting in the alteration of the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway. We report the case of a child with congenital retinal folds, progressive loss of vision and multiple fractures whose clinical, biochemical and genetic studies confirmed the diagnosis of primary osteoporosis due to a novel homozygous inactivating variant in LRP5


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Osteoporosis/therapy , Blindness , Fractures, Multiple
6.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 61(272): 9-17, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-995556

ABSTRACT

El SD22q11.2 está asociado a síndromes de DiGeorge, velocardiofacial, facioconotruncal y Cayler, reconocidos con la misma etiología: microdeleción 22q11.2. El fenotipo es variable y presenta cardiopatía conotruncal (CC), dismorfias faciales, anomalías palatinas, inmunodeficiencias y trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Las manifestaciones endocrinológicas que predominan son talla baja, hipocalcemia neonatal asociada a hipoparatiroidismo y disfunción tiroidea. El 90% de los afectados presenta una deleción típica de 3-Mb, mientras que el resto tiene deleciones de menor tamaño o deleción localizada más distal a la región crítica . El objetivo del trabajo es identificar en una cohorte de 63 pacientes con sospecha clínica de SD22q11.2, la presencia de la microdeleción 22q11.2 empleando como método diagnóstico la técnica de FISH y describir brevemente las características clínicas más prevalentes que presentan los pacientes con resultado de FISH positivo y negativo. La microdeleción 22q11.2 se identificó en el 38% (24/63) de los pacientes estudiados. Las características clínicas más prevalentes en este grupo fueron las cardiopatías congénitas conotruncales (95,6%), microcefalia (50%), inmunodeficiencias (50%), hipocalcemia (48,8%), anomalías del paladar (45,8%), retraso del desarrollo y déficit cognitivo (41,5%). En nuestro hospital, el algoritmo diagnóstico para la detección de la microdeleción 22q11.2 es el cariotipo de alta resolución y el estudio por la técnica de FISH.


DS22q11.2 is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical disorders (DiGeorge, velocardiofacial, facioconotrunal and Cayler syndromes) known to arise from the same etiology 22q11.2 microdeletion The phenotype is variable and includes conotruncal cardiac defect (CCD), facial phenotype, palate anomalies, inmunodeficiency and developmental disorders. The endocrine manifestations are short stature (ST), neonatal hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism, and thyroid dysfunction. In 90% of patients with 22q11.1 deletion a common 3-Mb deletion has been found, whereas the rest of cases share a smaller deletion or more distal atypical deletions. The aim of the present study was to identify the 22q11.2 microdeletion by FISH in 63 patients from the Genetic and Endocrinology Division between 2002 and 2017 who had more than one clinical feature of DS22q11. 2. High resolution karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed with different commercial probes. The 22q11.2 microdeletion was demonstrated in 24/63 patients (38%). The more relevant clinical features in this group were: conotruncal cardiac defect (95.6%), microcephaly (50%), immunodeficiency (50%), hypocalcaemia (48.8%) palate anomalies (45.8%), development delay and cognitive deficit (41.5%). In our hospital, the diagnostic algorithm for the detection of the 22q11.2 microdeletion is the high resolution karyotype and the study by the FISH technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , DiGeorge Syndrome , 22q11 Deletion Syndrome , Endocrinology , Genetics
7.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 60(270): 250-257, sept. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000377

ABSTRACT

La insuficiencia hipofisaria congénita es un trastorno originado en la alteración de la ontogenia de la glándula hipofisaria que determina la disminución o falta de trofinas hipofisarias: adrenocorticotropina, tirotropina, hormona de crecimiento, prolactina, gonadotrofinas y/u hormona antidiurética. Es una patología compleja e infrecuente que, debido a su signo sintomatología inespecífica, suele ser difícil de reconocer a edades tempranas, derivando en aumento de la morbilidad y eventualmente de la mortalidad. Durante el periodo neonatal, es característica la ictericia colestática asociada a hipoglucemias recurrentes. Puede formar parte de un cuadro sindrómico, siendo el más frecuente la displasia septoóptica, que asocia defectos de línea media y alteraciones oculares. La mayoría presenta anomalías anatómicas de la región selar y supraselar evidenciables en la Resonancia Magnética. El diagnóstico bioquímico tiene especificaciones particulares para la evaluación de cada trofina hipofisaria y de acuerdo a la edad del paciente. El tratamiento consiste en la terapia de reemplazo hormonal observándose buena respuesta en la mayoría de los pacientes. La detección precoz de los niños con insuficiencia hipofisaria permite la activación rápida y efectiva de una estrategia diagnóstica con la toma de muestras bioquímicas apropiadas, la consulta temprana al endocrinólogo infantil y la instauración del tratamiento específico


Congenital pituitary hormone deficiency is a disorder originated in pituitary gland ontogeny generating decrease or lack of pituitary hormones: adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, prolactin, gonadotropins and/or antidiuretic hormone. It is a complex and infrequent disease usually difficult to recognize at an early age due to its non-specific symptomatology, resulting in increased morbidity and eventual mortality. During the neonatal period, cholestatic jaundice associated with recurrent hypoglycaemia is frequent. Pituitary hormone deficiency can be part of a syndrome; the most frequent is septo-optic dysplasia, associating midline defects and ocular disorders. Most have anatomical anomalies of the sellar and suprasellar region seen in magnetic resonance imaging. Biochemical diagnosis has particular specifications for the evaluation of each pituitary hormone and varies according to patient´s age. The treatment consists in hormone replacement therapy and generally with good results. The early detection of children with pituitary hormone deficiency allows the rapid and effective activation of a diagnostic strategy, facilitates the appropriate biochemical samples, the early contact with the pediatric endocrinologist and the establishment of specific treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Human Growth Hormone , Hypopituitarism , Pediatrics
8.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 60(270): 213-213, sept. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998446

Subject(s)
Male , Endocrinology , Comment , Biography
9.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 60(270): 236-243, sept. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000075

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los niveles elevados de fosfatasa alcalina (FAL) son utilizados en la evaluación de enfermedades hepatobiliares y óseas, pero los niveles disminuidos en general, no son tenidos en cuenta a pesar de ser indicadores de enfermedad como la Hipofosfatasia. Es importante contar con valores de referencia ajustados para edad y sexo. Objetivo: Determinar en los niños que consultan al endocrinólogo pediatra, la proporción de pacientes que presentan una FAL disminuida. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de corte transversal, retrospectiva, de todas las FAL que se determinaron a pacientes en consulta en la División de Endocrinología Infantil. Resultados: se obtuvieron 5.110 determinaciones de FAL, 938 (18%) presentaban una FAL menor a 100 U/L, los cuales correspondían a 634 pacientes. Los pacientes menores de 18 años fueron categorizados de acuerdo con los valores de referencia de D'Isa y col. y de Colantonio y col. La distribución etaria fue dispersa, con un rango de 2,94 años a 16,13 años, una mediana de 11,88 años; 93% pertenecía al sexo femenino y se describieron los datos clínicos relevantes de los pacientes. Si bien en sus historias clínicas se encontraba registrado, dicho valor no fue jerarquizado. Conclusión: La proporción de pacientes con niveles de FAL menores a 100 U/L es de un 18% que disminuye notablemente si se consideran algunos métodos de referencia propuestos. Es indispensable contar con valores de referencia de FAL ajustados a sexo y edad adecuados para alertar al médico de valores bajos y altos de FAL


Introduction: High levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) are used in the evaluation of hepatobiliary and bone diseases, but generally decreased levels are not considered despite being indicators of disease such as hypophosphatasia. It is important to have reference values adjusted for age and sex. Objective: to determine in the children who consult the pediatric endocrinologist, the proportion of patients who have a decreased ALP. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective review was made of all the ALP´s that were determined to patients in consultation at the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology. Results: 5110 ALP determinations were obtained, 938 (18%) had an ALP less than 100 U/L, which corresponded to 634 patients. Patients younger than 18 years were categorized according to the reference values of D'Isa et al., and Colantonio et al. The age of distribution was scattered, with a range of 2.94 years to 16.13 years, a median of 11.88 years and 93% belonged to the female sex, and the relevant clinical data of the patients were described. Although it was registered in medical records, this value was not considered relevant. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with FAL levels lower than 100 U / L is 18%, which decreases considerably if some proposed reference methods are considered. It is essencial to have FAL reference values adjusted to sex and age to alert the physician of low and high FAL values


Subject(s)
Humans , Alkaline Phosphatase , Hypophosphatasia , Pediatrics , Endocrinology
10.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 60(270): 278-283, sept. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099868

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial es una patología de menor frecuencia en pediatría que en la edad adulta, sin embargo existen diversas etiologías que la pueden originar y es fundamental realizar diagnóstico certero de las mismas. El feocromocitoma es un tumor endócrino, originado en el tejido cromafin y constituye una importante causa de hipertensión secundaria. Puede ser esporádico o formar parte de diversos síndromes familiares, como la enfermedad de von Hippel Lindau, la Neoplasia Endócrina Múltiple tipo 2, los síndromes de Feocromocitoma/ Paraganglioma Familiar tipo 1, 2, 3 y 4, y la Neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Además, en la actualidad se han descrito más de 15 genes susceptibles que han sido implicados en casos familiares. Siendo tumores altamente heredables, se recomienda realizar pruebas genéticas en todos los pacientes, incluso en aquellos con una historia familiar comprobable. El diagnóstico de la enfermedad hereditaria mejora la atención del paciente y permite el diagnóstico precoz en familiares


Arterial hypertension is a less frequent condition in paediatrics than in adulthood, but due to the high proportion of secondary causes, the search for the aetiology is crucial for an adequate diagnosis and treatment. Pheochromocytoma is an endocrine tumor originated in the chromaffin tissue. It is an important cause of secondary hypertension. It can be sporadic or part of several hereditary syndromes, such as von Hippel Lindau disease, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2, Pheochromocytoma/Familiar Paraganglioma syndromes type 1, 2, 3 and 4, and type 1 Neurofibromatosis. In addition, more than 15 susceptible genes have been described in familial pheochromocytoma. Being highly heritable tumors, genetic testing of tumor susceptibility is recommended in all patients, even in absence of a family history. The diagnosis of the hereditary disease improves the patient's attention and allows early diagnosis in relatives


Subject(s)
Humans , Pheochromocytoma , Pediatrics , Endocrinology
11.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 60(270): 223-229, sept. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998455

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La caracterización de los nódulos tiroideos en pediatría no ha sido aún bien comunicada. El riesgo de malignidad es mayor que en adultos por lo que requieren una evaluación exhaustiva. Objetivo: caracterizar una cohorte de pacientes pediátricos con nódulos tiroideos e identificar predictores de malignidad. Pacientes y métodos: se analizaron los hallazgos demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos, ecográficos y citológicos de una cohorte prospectiva de 106 pacientes <19 años que consultó por nódulo tiroideo a nuestro centro entre 2008-2017. 89 pacientes alcanzaron el diagnóstico de nódulo benigno o maligno por cirugía y 17 luego de un seguimiento clínico mínimo de 2 años. Retrospectivamente se analizaron las diferencias entre los nódulos benignos y malignos. Resultados: la edad mediana fue 13,9 años, con franco predominio de mujeres puberales. 88% presentó una función tiroidea normal. 88/106 nódulos fueron benignos. El carcinoma papilar de tiroides (CPT) fue la única lesión maligna hallada (17%). El análisis estadístico mostró una asociación significativa de CPT con TSH >2,5mU/l, nódulo sólido, márgenes irregulares, microcalcificaciones y adenopatías cervicales patológicas. Un resultado citológico Bethesda V/VI tuvo un valor predictivo (VP) positivo de 87,5% y VP negativo de 96,4%. Conclusiones: El nódulo tiroideo en pediatría es más frecuentemente maligno. La evaluación sistemática permitió identificar ciertos hallazgos clínicos, bioquímicos, ecográficos y citológicos predictores de malignidad que deben ser considerados al decidir el enfoque diagnóstico


Introduction: Published data on pediatric thyroid nodule´s characterization is scarce. With higher risk of malignancy than in adults, they require an exhaustive diagnostic work-up. Objective: To characterize a pediatric cohort with thyroid nodules to identify predictors of malignancy. Patients and methods: Demographic, clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographical and cytological data were analyzed prospectively in 106 patients <19 years that consulted with a thyroid nodule to our center (2008-2017). 89 patients reached final diagnosis (benign or malignant nodule) after surgery and 17 after a minimum follow-up of 2years. Differences between benign and malignant nodules were analyzed retrospectively. Results: median age was 13.9 years, with predominant pubertal females. 88% was euthyroid. 88/106 nodules were benign. Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) was the only malignancy found (17%). Statistical analysis showed significant association of TPC with TSH levels >2.5mU/l, solid nodules, irregular margins, microcalcifications and pathologic adenopathies. Cytological results Bethesda V/VI showed positive and negative predictive values of 87.5% and 96.4% respectively. Conclusions: Pediatric thyroid nodules are more frequently malignant. The systematic evaluation of our cohort allowed the identification of clinical, biochemical ultrasonographical and cytological predictors of malignancy that have to be considered when deciding the diagnostic approach


Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Nodule , Pediatrics , Child , Adolescent , Neoplasms
12.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(2): 142-145, abr. 2018. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1038413

ABSTRACT

El hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) como enfermedad crónica impacta en la vinculación padres-hijo y en recursos del niño para afrontar situaciones conflictivas. Objetivos. Describir estilos parentales desde la percepción del hijo con HC y sus estrategias de afrontamiento. Población y métodos. Niños de entre 9 y 10 años con HC detectado por pesquisa neonatal y adecuadamente tratado y un grupo sin HC (grupo control). Se utilizó el cuestionario argentino de afrontamiento y la escala argentina de percepción de la relación con los padres y el subtest comprensión de la Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC III). Se compararon los resultados con el análisis multivariante de la varianza (multivariate analysis of variance; MANOVA, por sus siglas en inglés). Resultados. Se incluyeron 60 niños con HC; percibían a su madre con una modalidad de control estricto y a su padre con más aceptación. Buscaban mayor apoyo y se paralizaban más ante situaciones conflictivas que los 60 niños sin patología. Conclusión. Estos hallazgos podrían asociarse a mayor dependencia. Deben considerarse en la atención del HC.


Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), as any chronic disease, has an impact on the parent-child relationship and on the child's resources to cope with conflicting situations. Objectives. To describe parenting styles according to the perception of children with CH and their coping strategies. Population and methods. Children aged 9-10 years who had CH detected by newborn screening and had received adequate treatment and a group without CH (control group). The Argentine Coping Questionnaire, the Argentine Scale for the Perception of Parent Relations, and the comprehension subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC III) were used. Results were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results. Sixty children with CH were included; they perceived that their mothers exercised a strict control and that their fathers showed more acceptance. They sought more support and became paralyzed more often in conflicting situations than the 60 children without CH. Conclusion. These findings may be associated with a higher level of dependence. They should be taken into consideration in CH care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adaptation, Psychological , Chronic Disease , Congenital Hypothyroidism , Object Attachment
13.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(3): 262-266, jun. 2017. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887322

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Dada la dificultad en la interpretación de los valores de cortisol sérico en recién nacidos (RN), el objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar los niveles basales de cortisol en el suero y la saliva, y describir las concentraciones de cortisol salival durante el primer mes de vida. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, longitudinal y de correlación. Se seleccionaron RN de término del Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas en 2014. En la saliva, se determinó cortisol; en la sangre, cortisol, globulina tansportadora de cortisol y albúmina. Se utilizó la correlación lineal para relacionar cortisol sérico y salival; el test de Friedman para comparar el cortisol durante el primer mes de vida y la diferencia para analizar el comportamiento de valores iguales o inferiores al primer cuartil. Resultados. Se evaluaron 55 RN. Cortisol sérico: 7,65 (1,0-18,1 gg/dl); cortisol salival: 35,88 (5,52107,64 nmol/L); globulina transportadora de cortisol: 22,07 (16,5-33,0 gg/µL), expresados como mediana y rango. El coeficiente de correlación entre el cortisol sérico y salival fue de 0,54; P= 0,001. El comportamiento del cortisol durante el primer mes de vida no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas y la diferencia entre la segunda y la primera muestra de valores iguales o inferiores al primer cuartil aumentó en 10 de 12 pacientes. Conclusión. La determinación de cortisol en la saliva refleja la concentración de cortisol sérico en RN normales. Algunos pacientes presentaron niveles bajos de cortisol a las 36 h de vida y mostraron una tendencia a incrementarse espontáneamente durante el primer mes de vida.


Introduction. Given that serum cortisol level interpretation in newborn infants (NBIs) is hard, the objective of this study was to correlate baseline salivary and serum cortisol levels and to describe salivary cortisol levels in the first month of life. Population and Methods. Descriptive, prospective, longitudinal, and correlational study. Term NBIs were selected from the Division of Neonatology of Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas in 2014. Cortisol was measured in saliva specimens while cortisol, cortisol-binding globulin, and albumin were measured in blood specimens. A linear correlation was performed to relate serum and salivary cortisol levels; Friedman test was conducted to compare cortisol levels during the first month of life, and the difference was used to analyze the performance of values equal to or lower than the first quartile. Results. Fifty-five NBIs were studied. Serum cortisol: 7.65 (1.0-18.1 gg/dL); salivary cortisol: 35.88 (5.52-107.64 mmol/L); cortisol-binding globulin: 22.07 (16.5-33.0 gg/µL), expressed as median and range. The correlation coefficient between serum and salivary cortisol was 0.54, P = 0.001. Cortisol performance during the first month of life showed no statistically significant differences, and the difference between the second and the first specimen of values equal to or lower than the first quartile increased in 10 out of 12 patients. Conclusion. The measurement of cortisol in saliva reflects serum cortisol levels in normal NBIs. Some patients had low levels of cortisol at 36 hours of life and showed a trend towards a spontaneous increase during the first month of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Saliva/chemistry , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Hydrocortisone/blood , Prospective Studies , Statistics as Topic , Longitudinal Studies
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(1): 12-17, feb. 2017. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838314

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los niños con hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) detectados por pesquisa neonatal y tratados adecuadamente presentarían defectos cognitivos leves. Objetivos. Evaluar el coeficiente intelectual de niños con HC e identificar la presencia de déficits cognitivos específicos. Población y métodos. Se seleccionó un grupo de 60 niños con HC, de entre 9 y 10 años, detectados por pesquisa neonatal y tratados adecuadamente desde el primer mes de vida, y se comparó con un grupo control de 60 niños sin HC de la misma edad. Fueron criterios de inclusión la ausencia de patología intercurrente, concurrencia a jornada escolar simple y padres con nivel escolar mínimo de secundaria completa. En entrevistas individuales, se administraron la escala de inteligencia Wechsler para niños, tercera edición, figura compleja de Rey, test Woodcock-Muñoz revisado, Conners Continuous Performance Test II, test Illinois de aptitudes psicolingüísticas, test de fluidez verbal, test de cubos de Knox, Trail Making Test, test de caras y test de los 5 dígitos. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con pruebas t de Student (muestras independientes) ajustado por Bonferroni (p < 0,002). Resultados. Aun dentro del rango normal promedio, hubo diferencias significativas entre grupos en el coeficiente intelectual total y de ejecución (tamaño del efecto pequeño y moderado, respectivamente). Los niños hipotiroideos presentaron, en el área de ejecución, significativamente menor desempeño en velocidad de procesamiento, tiempos de reacción, atención, flexibilidad cognitiva, visoconstrucción y memoria a largo plazo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre grupos en el área verbal. Conclusiones. Los niños hipotiroideos congénitos, sin discapacidad mental, presentaron defectos cognitivos leves, que deben ser tenidos en cuenta para su atención integral.


Introduction. Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) detected by newborn screening and adequately treated may have mild cognitive deficits. Objectives. To assess the intelligence quotient of children with CH and identify the presence of specific cognitive deficits. Population and methods. A group of 60 children with CH detected by newborn screening, who were aged 9-10 years old and received adequate treatment since their first month of life was selected and compared to a control group of 60 children without CH in the same age range. Inclusion criteria: children without concurrent diseases, who were attending school in a single shift, and whose parents had at least completed secondary education. The following tests were administered during individual interviews: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (third edition), the Rey complex figure test, the Woodcock-Muñoz revised test, the Conners Continuous Performance Test II, the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, the verbal fluency test, the Knox Cube Test, the Trail Making Test, the faces test, and the 5 digit test. The statistical analysis was done using Student's t tests (for independent samples) with Bonferroni's correction (p < 0.002). Results. Even within the normal average range, significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of total intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient (small and moderate effect sizes, respectively). In terms of performance, children with hypothyroidism had a significantly poorer performance in processing speed, reaction times, attention, cognitive flexibility, visuoconstruction, and long-term memory. No significant differences were found between both groups in the verbal area. Conclusions. Children with congenital hypothyroidism and without mental disability had mild cognitive deficits, which should be taken into account for a comprehensive patient care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Congenital Hypothyroidism/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Congenital Hypothyroidism/therapy , Early Diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Intelligence Tests
15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 114(4): 329-336, ago. 2016. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838241

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Existe escasa información acerca de los valores de referencia de la insulina y de los índices de insulinosensibilidad en pediatría. Objetivo. Describir la variación de insulina e índices subrogantes de insulinosensibilidad en la etapa pediátrica. Población y métodos. Variación de la concentración de insulina en ayuno y de los índices subrogantes, como el modelo de evaluación homeostática de resistencia a la insulina (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IR, por sus siglas en inglés), en niños sanos con la edad, el índice de masa corporal, estadio puberal (EP), la concentración de IGF-I, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 226 niños sanos (1-18 años). La insulina aumentó con la edad, el índice de masa corporal, el EP, los niveles de IGF-I y triglicéridos (r²= 0,38; p 7,5 años presentaron mayores valores de insulina [mediana (Pc3 y Pc97) pUI/ mL: 5,0 (1,7-9,6)] que los prepuberales < 7,5 años [2,9 pUI/mL (1,3-10,9); p < 0,01]. En la pubertad (del EP II al EP V), la insulina fue mayor en las niñas que en los varones [(7,4 (1,8-16,9) versus 5,8 (1,8-12,9); p 7,5 años: 1,1 (0,3-2,0) versus niños < 7,5 años: 0,6 (0,3-1,4; p < 0,01). Los grupos puberales presentaron niveles más elevados de insulina y de HOMA-IR respecto de los niños prepuberales (p 2,0 y > 2,6 en prepúberes y púberes, respectivamente, podrían alertar a los pediatras sobre un posible estado de insulinorresistencia.


Introduction. Information on insulin reference values and insulin sensitivity indices in the field of pediatrics is scarce. Objective. To describe insulin range and insulin sensitivity surrogate indices during childhood. Population and methods. Fasting insulin level range and surrogate indices, such as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), among healthy children and adolescents by age, body mass index, pubertal stage (PS), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results. Two hundred and twenty-six healthy children and adolescents (1-18 years old) were included. Insulin increased with age, body mass index, pubertal stage, IGF-1 and triglyceride levels (r²= 0.38, p 7.5 years old had higher insulin levels [median (P3 and P97) pIU/mL: 5.0 (1.7-9.6)] than prepubertal children < 7.5 years old [2.9 pIU/ mL (1.3-10.9), p < 0.01]. During puberty (from PS II to PS V), insulin was higher in girls than in boys [7.4 (1.8-16.9) versus 5.8 (1.8-12.9), p 7.5 years old: 1.1 (0.32.0) versus children < 7.5 years old: 0.6 (0.3-1.4, p < 0.01). The insulin level and HOMA-IR results were higher in pubertal children compared to the prepubertal group (p 2.0 and > 2.6 in prepubertal and pubertal children, respectively, may be considered a warning sign for pediatricians to further investigate insulin resistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Insulin Resistance , Insulin/blood , Reference Values , Cross-Sectional Studies
16.
Rev. venez. endocrinol. metab ; 12(2): 76-88, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-716444

ABSTRACT

Durante la infancia, el eje hipotálamo-hipófiso-testicular se encuentra parcialmente quiescente: bajan los niveles de gonadotrofinas y la secreción de testosterona disminuye siguiendo a la caída de la LH. Por el contrario, las células de Sertoli están activas, como lo demuestran los niveles séricos de hormona anti-mülleriana (AMH) e inhibina B. Por lo tanto, el hipogonadismo en la infancia puede ser puesto en evidencia, sin necesidad de pruebas de estímulo, si se evalúa la función de las células de Sertoli. La AMH sérica es alta desde la vida fetal hasta el inicio de la pubertad. La producción testicular de AMH aumenta en respuesta a la FSH pero es potentemente inhibida por los andrógenos. La inhibina B es alta en los primeros años de la vida, luego disminuye parcialmente aunque permanece claramente más alta que en las mujeres, y aumenta nuevamente en la pubertad. Las concentraciones séricas de AMH e inhibina B son indetectables en pacientes anórquidos. En el hipogonadismo primario que afecta a todo el testículo, establecido durante la vida fetal o la infancia, todos los marcadores testiculares están bajos. Cuando en el hipogonadismo están afectadas sólo las células de Leydig, la AMH y la inhibina B sérica son normales y/o altas, mientras que están bajas cuando se ven afectadas las células de Sertoli. La AMH y la inhibina B están bajas en varones con hipogonadismo central en edad prepuberal y continúan bajas en edad puberal. El tratamiento con FSH induce un aumento en los niveles séricos de los marcadores de la célula de Sertoli. En conclusión, la determinación de los niveles séricos de AMH e inhibina B es útil para evaluar la función testicular, sin necesidad de pruebas de estímulo, y orientar el diagnóstico etiológico en el hipogonadismo masculino en pediatría.


During childhood, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is partially quiescent: gonadotropin and testosterone levels decrease, but Sertoli cells remain active, as shown by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B levels. Therefore, hypogonadism may be diagnosed during childhood, without the need for stimulation tests, provided Sertoli cell function is assessed. Serum AMH levels are high from fetal life until the onset of puberty. Testicular AMH production increases in response to FSH but is potently inhibited by androgens. Serum inhibin B levels are high until the age of 3-4 years in boys; although they decrease thereafter, they remain clearly higher than in girls of the same age. During the early stage of puberty, serum inhibin B increases again to reach adult values. AMH and inhibin B are undetectable in the serum of anorchid patients. In boys with fetalonset primary hypogonadism affecting the whole testicular parenchyma, AMH and inhibin B are low in serum. Conversely, they are normal or high when only the interstitial tissue of the gonads is impaired. AMH and inhibin B are low in children with central hypogonadism and persist low during pubertal age. FSH treatment induces an increase in both Sertoli cell markers. In conclusion, the determination of serum AMH and inhibin B levels is useful for the assessment of testicular function, without the need for stimulation tests, in pediatric patients.

17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 73(3): 272-6, jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1165162

ABSTRACT

Growth hormone treatment for children and adolescents with growth disorders has been used for more than five decades. Since 1985 recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is the only drug approved for treatment. In most of the countries rhGH is licensed for the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, chronic renal failure, and children born small for gestational age. The objective of the treatment is to improve the growth of these patients. The efficacy of rhGH treatment based on auxologic parameters has shown that growth response is variable and mostly dependent on each particular indication. Most of the reports on drug safety obtained from different databases that included thousands of patients, have shown that rhGH is a safe drug and that serious adverse events are rare. Regarding new indications to improve height in children, data on efficacy remains controversial, so we believe their ultimate indication must take into account potential risk versus benefits of this treatment.


Subject(s)
Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Child , Child Development/drug effects , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Humans , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Treatment Outcome , Prader-Willi Syndrome/drug therapy , Turner Syndrome/drug therapy , Growth Disorders/drug therapy
18.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(8): 558-563, Nov. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-660266

ABSTRACT

Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) may result from deletions/mutations in either GH1 or GHRHR genes. The objective of this study was to characterize the molecular defect in a girl presenting IGHD. The patient was born at 41 weeks of gestation from non-consanguineous parents. Clinical and biochemical evaluation included anthropometric measurements, evaluation of pituitary function, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. Molecular characterization was performed by PCR amplification of GH1 gene and SmaI digestion of two homologous fragments flanking the gene, using genomic DNA from the patient and her parents as templates. At 1.8 years of age the patient presented severe growth retardation (height 61.2 cm, -7.4 SDS), truncal obesity, frontal bossing, doll face, and acromicria. MRI showed pituitary hypoplasia. Laboratory findings confirmed IGHD. GH1 gene could not be amplified in samples from the patient while her parents yielded one fragment of the expected size. SmaI digestion was consistent with the patient being compound heterozygous for 6.7 and 7.6 Kb deletions, while her parents appear to be heterozygous carriers for either the 6.7 or the 7.6 Kb deletions. We have characterized type IA IGHD caused by two different GH1 gene deletions, suggesting that this condition should be considered in severe IGHD, even in non-consanguineous families. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):558-63.


A deficiência isolada do hormônio do crescimento (DIGH) pode ser resultado de deleções/mutações no gene GH1 ou no gene GHRHR. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o defeito molecular em uma menina que apresenta DIGH. A paciente nasceu às 41 semanas de gestação de pais não consanguíneos. As avaliações clínica e bioquímica incluíram medidas antropométricas, avaliação da função pituitária e concentrações de IGF-I e IGFBP-3. A caracterização molecular foi feita por meio de amplificação do GH1 por PCR e digestão com SmaI de dois fragmentos homólogos flanqueando o gene, usando-se DNA genômico da paciente e de seus pais como padrões. Com 1,8 ano de idade, a paciente apresentou atraso grave no crescimento (altura 61,2 cm, -7.4 DP), obesidade central, protuberância frontal, face de boneca e acromicria. A RM mostrou hipoplasia pituitária. Os achados laboratoriais confirmaram a DIGH. O gene GH1 não pôde ser amplificado nas amostras da paciente, enquanto as amostras de seus pais produziram um fragmento do tamanho esperado. A digestão com SmaI foi consistente com a paciente ser heterozigota composta para deleções para 6,7 e 7,6 Kb, enquanto seus pais parecem ser carreadores heterozigotos para deleções de 6,7 ou 7,6 Kb. Caracterizamos a DIGH tipo IA causada por duas deleções diferentes no gene GH1, sugerindo que essa condição pode ser considerada na DIGH grave, mesmo em famílias não consanguíneas. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):558-63.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Dwarfism, Pituitary/genetics , Human Growth Hormone/genetics , Locus Control Region/genetics , Sequence Deletion/genetics , Base Sequence , Heterozygote , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severity of Illness Index
20.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(8): 622-627, nov. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-610464

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal cholestasis due to endocrine diseases is infrequent and poorly reco-gnized. Referral to the pediatric endocrinologist is delayed. OBJECTIVE: We characterized cholestasis in infants with congenital pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD), and its resolution after hormone replacement therapy (HRT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients (12 males) were included; eleven with CPHD, and five with isolated central hypocortisolism. RESULTS: Onset of cholestasis occurred at a median age of 18 days of life (range 2-120). Ten and nine patients had elevated transaminases and γGT, respectively. Referral to the endocrinologist occurred at 32 days (range 1 - 72). Remission of cholestasis occurred at a median age of 65 days, whereas liver enzymes occurred at 90 days. In our cohort isolated, hypocortisolism was a transient disorder. CONCLUSION: Cholestasis due to hormonal deficiencies completely resolved upon introduction of HRT. Isolated hypocortisolism may be a transient cause of cholestasis that needs to be re-evaluated after remission of cholestasis.


INTRODUÇÃO: A colestase neonatal causada por doenças endócrinas é pouco frequente e reconhecida. Existe um atraso no encaminhamento dos pacientes a um endocrinologista pediátrico. OBJETIVO: Caracterizamos a colestase em recém-nascidos com deficiências congênitas de hormônio hipofisário (DCHH) e sua resolução após a terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Dezesseis pacientes (12 do sexo masculino) foram incluídos; sete com DCHH, e cinco com hipocortisolismo central isolado. RESULTADOS: O início da colestase ocorreu aos 18 dias de vida (variação 2-120). Dez e nove pacientes apresentaram elevação das transaminases e γGT, respectivamente. A consulta com um endocrinologista aconteceu aos 32 dias (variação 1-72). A remissão da colestase ocorreu em uma idade mediana de 65 dias, enquanto a remissão das enzimas hepáticas aconteceu aos 90 dias. Na coorte isolada, o hipocortisolismo foi uma desordem transitória. CONCLUSÃO: A colestase causada por deficiências hormonais foi completamente resolvida após a introdução da TRH. O hipocortisolismo pode ser uma causa transitória da colestase e precisa ser reavaliado após a remissão da colestase.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Adrenal Insufficiency/etiology , Cholestasis/etiology , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Hypopituitarism/congenital , Liver Diseases/etiology , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Age of Onset , Adrenal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Cholestasis/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Hydrocortisone/deficiency , Hypopituitarism/drug therapy , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Pituitary Hormones, Anterior/deficiency , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
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